From 2b61a2ca4ae9f04852cc96c777537c3cb0217458 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andreas Eversberg Date: Sun, 19 Jun 2016 11:09:03 +0200 Subject: Work on docs --- docs/amps.html | 231 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/c-netz-c130.jpg | Bin 0 -> 383462 bytes docs/c-netz.html | 100 +++++++++++++++++++--- docs/index.html | 1 + 4 files changed, 321 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs/amps.html create mode 100644 docs/c-netz-c130.jpg (limited to 'docs') diff --git a/docs/amps.html b/docs/amps.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c43f885 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/amps.html @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ + + + +osmocom-analog + + +
+ +

AMPS

+ +
+ + + +

+ +History +

+ +

+*TBD* +

+ +
+ +

+

    +
  • Frequency range: +
  • xxx voice channels +
  • Duplex distance: 45 MHz +
  • Channel spacing: 30 KHz +
  • Voice modulation: FM +
  • Signalling modulation: carrier FSK +
  • Frequency deviation: 8 KHz (FSK) +
  • Mobile station transmit power: +
  • Base station transmit power: +
+

+ + +

+ +

+ +

+*TBD* +

+ +

+ +Setup of a base station +

+ +

+*TBD* +

+ +
+
+# amps -k 334 -F yes -E -e
+...
+Selected System ID (SID) 40 belongs to:
+        Salinas, CA (GTE Mobile)
+        San Francisco, CA (GTE Mobile)
+        San Jose, CA (GTE Mobile)
+        San Rosa, CA (GTE Mobile)
+        Santa Barbara, CA (GTE Mobile)
+amps.c:390 notice : You selected 'combined control & paging & voice channel'.
+This is a hack, but the only way to use control channel and voice channel on one transceiver.
+ Some phones may reject this.
+amps.c:481 info   : Entering IDLE state, sending Overhead/Filler frames on combined control & paging
+ & voice channel.
+Base station on channel 334 ready, please tune transmitter to 880.020 MHz and receiver to 835.020 MHz.
+frame.c:3658 info   : RX Level: 54% Quality: 66% Polarity: NEGATIVE
+frame.c:3658 info   : RX Level: 53% Quality: 65% Polarity: NEGATIVE
+frame.c:3658 info   : RX Level: 52% Quality: 60% Polarity: NEGATIVE
+
+
+ +
+
+frame.c:3630 info   : RX RECC: DCC=0
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word A - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word B - Extended Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word C - Serial Number Word
+amps.c:635 info   : Registration 617XXXXXXX (ESN = 825b5f79, Class 6 / Discontinuous / 25 MHz)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state IDLE -> REGISTER ACK
+transaction.c:98 info   : Created transaction '617XXXXXXX' for subscriber 'REGISTER ACK'
+amps.c:989 info   : Sending Register acknowledge
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state REGISTER ACK -> REGISTER ACK SEND
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+transaction.c:117 info   : Destroying transaction for subscriber '617XXXXXXX'
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state REGISTER ACK SEND -> IDLE
+
+
+ +
+
+frame.c:3630 info   : RX RECC: DCC=0
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word A - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word B - Extended Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word C - Serial Number Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word D - First Word of the Called-Address (Origination - Voice Service)
+amps.c:653 info   : Call 617XXXXXXX -> 5551212 (ESN = 825b5f79, Class 6 / Discontinuous / 25 MHz)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state IDLE -> CALL ASSIGN MOBILE ORIGINAT ING
+transaction.c:98 info   : Created transaction '617XXXXXXX' for subscriber 'CALLASSIGN MOBILE ORIGINATING'
+amps.c:1003 info   : Assigning channel to call from mobile station
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ASSIGN MOBILE ORIGINATING ->
+CALL ASSIGN MOBILE ORIGINATING SEND
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ASSIGN MOBILE ORIGINATING SEND -> CALL
+amps.c:951 info   : Staying on combined control + voice channel 334
+amps.c:959 info   : Setup call to network.
+call.c:590 info   : Incomming call from '617XXXXXXX' to '5551212'
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 72.31% quality 98%p)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 78.63% quality 100%)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 78.76% quality 100%)
+amps.c:585 info   : Detected SAT signal with quality=100.
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 78.66% quality 100%)
+
+
+ +
+
+amps.c:525 info   : Detected Signalling Tone with quality=100.
+transaction.c:117 info   : Destroying transaction for subscriber '617XXXXXXX'
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL -> IDLE
+call.c:711 info   : Call has been released with cause=16
+amps.c:481 info   : Entering IDLE state, sending Overhead/Filler frames on combined control & paging
+& voice channel.
+
+
+ +
+
+call.c:457 info   : Outgoing call to 617XXXXXXX
+amps.c:753 info   : Call to mobile station, paging station id '617XXXXXXX'
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state IDLE -> PAGE
+transaction.c:98 info   : Created transaction '617XXXXXXX' for subscriber 'PAGE'
+amps.c:1025 info   : Paging the phone
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state PAGE -> PAGE SEND
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC == 11)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state PAGE SEND -> PAGE REPLY
+frame.c:3658 info   : RX Level: 60% Quality: 90% Polarity: POSITIVE
+frame.c:3630 info   : RX RECC: DCC=0
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word A - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word B - Extended Address Word
+frame.c:2990 info   : Received: Word C - Serial Number Word
+amps.c:655 info   : Paging reply 617XXXXXXX (ESN = 825b5f79, Class 6 / Discontinuous / 25 MHz)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state PAGE REPLY -> CALL ASSIGN MOBILE TERMINATING
+amps.c:1012 info   : Assigning channel to call to mobile station
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ASSIGN MOBILE TERMINATING ->
+CALL ASSIGN MOBILE TERMINATING SEND
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 1 - Abbreviated Address Word
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Word 2 - Extended Address Word (SCC != 11)
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ASSIGN MOBILE TERMINATING SEND ->
+CALL ALERT MOBILE TERMINATING
+amps.c:951 info   : Staying on combined control + voice channel 334
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Mobile Station Control Message Word 1 (SCC == 11)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 76.43% quality 98%
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Mobile Station Control Message Word 1 (SCC == 11)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 77.44% quality 99%
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Mobile Station Control Message Word 1 (SCC == 11)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 78.58% quality 99%
+amps.c:585 info   : Detected SAT signal with quality=99.
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Mobile Station Control Message Word 1 (SCC == 11)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 79.75% quality 100%
+amps.c:525 info   : Detected Signalling Tone with quality=100.
+call.c:646 info   : Call is alerting
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ALERT MOBILE TERMINATING ->
+CALL ALERT MOBILE TERMINATING SEND
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 67.88% quality 98%
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 80.28% quality 99%
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 80.39% quality 99%
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 80.08% quality 100%
+
+
+ +
+
+mps.c:527 info   : Lost Signalling Tone signal
+call.c:689 info   : Call has been answered by '617XXXXXXX'
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL ALERT MOBILE TERMINATING SEND -> CALL
+
+
+ +
+
+call.c:479 info   : Call hangup
+amps.c:836 info   : Call has been released by network, releasing call.
+amps.c:866 info   : Call control releases on voice channel, releasing towards mobile station.
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL -> CALL RELEASE
+amps.c:1048 info   : Releasing call to mobile station
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL RELEASE -> CALL RELEASE SEND
+frame.c:2691 info   : Transmit: Mobile Station Control Message Word 1 (SCC == 11)
+dsp.c:678 notice : SAT level 76.60% quality 100%
+transaction.c:117 info   : Destroying transaction for subscriber '617XXXXXXX'
+transaction.c:175 info   : Transaction state CALL RELEASE SEND -> IDLE
+amps.c:481 info   : Entering IDLE state, sending Overhead/Filler frames on combined control &
+paging & voice channel.
+
+
+ + +[Back to main page] +
+ + diff --git a/docs/c-netz-c130.jpg b/docs/c-netz-c130.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63a4fd5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/c-netz-c130.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/c-netz.html b/docs/c-netz.html index 78a8475..6649825 100644 --- a/docs/c-netz.html +++ b/docs/c-netz.html @@ -22,12 +22,43 @@ History

-*TBD* +C-Netz was the third mobile telephone network in Germany. +It existed between 1984 (officially Mai 1985) and December 2000. +It was the first cellular system, so frequencies could be used more efficiently. +It offered handover capability, so moving phones can change cells during a call. +New was the SIM card, which was similar to GSM. +This card allowed to use phones by different subscribers with different subscriber numbers. +Authentication was used to prevent fraud, but is was used only with SIM card phones. +Extra services (e.g. conditional call forwarding, answering machine) were installed in the mobile network. +A scrambler inside the phone and base station prevented eavedropping with radio scanners. +Phones became smaller and portable, even handheld phones were available. +It used full duplex radio link. +All phones were available under a dedicated prefix, so the caller must to know the location of the phone anymore. + +

+ +
+ +

+

+

-How it works

@@ -56,7 +87,7 @@ We need to calibrate the speed of our transmit signal (and receive signal as wel

-First of all, we need a reference clock. +First of all we need a reference clock. Since most systems have standard crystals, we cannot use our system clock as reference without any help. I decided to use the NTP daemon. After running the system for several days, the clock speed should be accurate enough for our needs. @@ -75,7 +106,7 @@ server ntp3.ptb.de

This clock provides time base for European radio clocks and most German clocks. -It is perfect for this project, so please use this clock. +It accurate enough for this project, so please use this clock. 

@@ -145,14 +176,25 @@ Let it run again for one hour and you will see that clock deviation is below 1 P
 Importaint: We need to connect to PLL and discriminator!
 

 
+

+C-Netz does not use a modulated tone to carry bits of information, instead it modulates the carrier directly.
+This image shows the demodulated signal from a receiver:
+

+
 

 
 

-*TBD*
+Generally a receiver will do de-emphasis and filtering after demodulating the signal.
+We don't want that.
+It may work, but be sure to get a receiver with disciminator output.
+Many receivers can be modified, so search the Web for more infos.
 

 
 

-*TBD*
+On the transmitter we don't want to have filtering and pre-emphasis.
+It may work, but be sure to get a transmitter that allows to disable emphasis.
+I took the schematics of my transmitter and connected the sound card
+directly to the PLL.
 

 
 

@@ -165,22 +207,58 @@ Let it run again for one hour and you will see that clock deviation is below 1 P
 C-Netz uses FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) by directly modulating the carrier, rather than modulating a tone, which is then transmitted via FM.
 The advantage is much higher data rate.
 The base station's carrier frequency is raised by 2.5 KHz to transmit a logical "1" and lowered by 2.5 KHz to transmit a logial "0".
-(The mobile station transmits reversed polarity.) 
+(The mobile station transmits reversed polarity.)
 The mobile station will only detect the correct polarity.
 The three sync words of "11100010010", is shown in the picture above.
 In the picture above, the polarity is wrong.
 (The logical "1" points down and the logical "0" points up.)
-You must check, with what polarity your transmitter is doing a positive frequency deviation.
-Also you must check your sound card's polarity on positive value beeing sent.
-To change polarty, use command line option '-F yes' or '--flip-polarity yes'.
+To change polarty, use command line option '-F yes|no|auto' or '--flip-polarity yes|no|auto'.
 (Note: don't confuse with '-P'!)
 

 
 

-This software does not care about what polarity it receives from the mobile station.
+The 'auto' option (default) will generate a signal of two base stations.
+Since we have time division multiplex on the main control channel, we can transmit a second base station easily.
+The second base station uses reversed polarity, so there is one base station with correct and one with wrong polarity.
+The two base stations have different time slots and different IDs.
+If a first registration message is received from the phone, we check which base station this response belongs to.
+Then we found the correct polarity and turn off the base station with the wrong polarity.
+

+
+

+The decoder itself does not care about what polarity it receives from the mobile station.
 It just checks for sync words with both polarities and chooses right polarity automatically.
 

 
+

+I have a transmitter and a receiver without emphasis, my soundcard has a clock error of about 19.2 PPM.
+To run the base station I the following command line options:
+

+
+
+
+# cnetz -k 131 -E -e -S 19.25,19.25
+...
+cnetz.c:142 notice : You selected channel 131 ('Orga-Kanal') for combined callin
+g + traffic channel. Some phones will reject this.
+dsp.c:96 info   : Using clock speed of 19.2 ppm (RX) and 19.2 ppm (TX) to correc
+t sound card's clock.
+cnetz.c:274 info   : Entering IDLE state on channel 131.
+Base station on channel 131 ready, please tune transmitter to 465.090 MHz and re
+ceiver to 455.090 MHz.
+
+

+
+

+The sofware complains about using control channel 131 for voice traffic too.
+This is the easiest way to use a single transmitter and receiver without switching.
+But this is not compliant, so especially newer phone will reject this, like the Nokia C130.
+Old phones like BSA, Storno or Phillips phones don't care.
+When we make a call and another phone is regisered, the phone will loose coverage when we switch from control channel to traffic channel.
+After the call, the other phone re-registers again.
+

+
+
 [Back to main page]
 
 
diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
index 89515eb..c686d5c 100644
--- a/docs/index.html
+++ b/docs/index.html
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ A base station implementation for classic mobile networks. All these networks us
 	
  • B-Netz
    • 
 	
  • C-Netz
    • 
 	
  • NMT
    • 
+	
  • AMPS
    • 
 
 
 
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